Indonesia constitutes one of the biggest economies in Southeast Asia with a population of 237 million and an average nominal GDP per capita of $1950 per year (2008). More than 17% of the population, however, live with earnings below the poverty line. During the last few years, the Government of Indonesia has encouraged several social protection programs to improve the living conditions and opportunities in the most vulnerable sectors, including a conditional cash transfer pilot called Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). It is executed at national level through the Ministry of Social Affairs (Kemensos) under the coordination of the National Development and Planning Agency (Bappenas) with direct involvement of the decentralized government structures of Indonesia.
    
The Program provides conditional cash transfers to extremely poor households that have pregnant women and/or children below 18 years of age. The PKH in turn requires them to use education and health services to improve the human capital investment and break the intergenerational cycle of poverty. At the moment, the Program has completed the pilot stage with a need in scaling-up to reach national coverage.