The "Banque de Crédit de Bujumbura" (BCB) was originally one of the headquarters of the Banque du Congo Belge (BCB), created in 1909 on the initiative of the "Banque d'Outre-mer" of the Kingdom of Belgium. From 1911 to 1952, the BCB received the privilege of being an "Institute of Emission".

In 1922, an agency of the Bank of the Belgian Congo (BCB) opened its doors in USUMBURA (current BUJUMBURA), port of Lake Tanganyika and commercial center of the region.

In 1964, following the independence of BURUNDI and the evolution of banking regulations, the agency of the Bank of Congo-Belge became the Credit Bank of BUJUMBURA, current name of the BCB. 

In 1967, BCB opened its first agency in the interior of the country in NGOZI, an economically dynamic region thanks to coffee culture. Since then, BCB has continued to develop its proximity policy in order to better serve its customers.

In June 2008, the bank's main shareholder (BELGOLAISE) sold its shares held at BCB to three independent banks, namely the BANK OF AFRICA Group (BOA Group), the Belgian Investment Company in Developing Countries. BIO” and DEGROOF Bank.

In July 2008, BCB signed a partnership contract with the BOA Group.

Since 2010, BANK OF AFRICA has been majority-owned by BMCE Bank Of Africa (Morocco's 2nd private bank) and is part of the BMCE Bank Group. The latter provides powerful strategic and operational support to the BANK OF AFRICA network, as well as direct access to international markets thanks to its presence in Europe, Asia and North America.

A member of the BMCE/BANK OF AFRICA network, BCB now benefits from all the advantages linked to integration into a group experiencing strong growth and high profitability.

In 2020, a new shareholder, namely FAJAC, joined the Bank's shareholding, after acquiring part of the shares of Degroof Equity SA. The rest of its shares were acquired by BOA Group and BIO.