In traditional Marshallese society, essential skills, concepts, and attitudes were transmitted through direct involvement with family and community, with individuals possessing specialized knowledge training selected apprentices to preserve cultural knowledge. The arrival of the Boston Missionary Society in 1857 led to the establishment of church schools across 22 atolls, which continued through German and Japanese occupations until World War II.

Upon the arrival of the American military government, Marshallese pastors were encouraged to reopen schools, despite limited supplies. Schools for interpreters were established, and prospective teachers were trained on Majuro. In 1947, the Marshall Islands became part of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, leading to the formation of a Trust Territory Department of Education.

During the 1960s, there was an increase in U.S. federal funds towards education, resulting in the expansion of schools and teacher training programs. The 1970s saw an emphasis on Associate of Science degrees for teachers, and the establishment of the Community College of Micronesia.

With the founding of the Republic of the Marshall Islands in 1979, the Ministry of Education replaced the District Education Department. The 1980s saw challenges with a rapidly increasing school-age population, leading to the opening of public schools in various communities.

In the 1990s, Compact I brought hope with supplemental assistance for education and a movement towards decentralization of schools through Community-Based Governance of Schools (CBGS). The College of the Marshall Islands (CMI) became an independent institution in 1993.

In the early 2000s, access and equity in education improved, with more public high schools opened and increased enrollment in primary schools. However, challenges such as lack of qualified teachers and procurement issues persisted.

Compact II, starting in 2003, focused on education and health, leading to infrastructure improvements and the construction of new schools. Public Law 2013-23 established the current autonomous Public School System (PSS) in November 2013, making education compulsory for children ages 5-18 and allowing for the transfer of staff hiring function to the PSS.

Vision:
The vision of the Marshall Islands education system is to nurture students who are essential for a peaceful and productive society. These students will possess the skills, knowledge, and values necessary to thrive in both local and global contexts, while also maintaining a strong connection to their cultural heritage.

Mission:
The mission of the Marshall Islands education system is to provide all students with a comprehensive education that prepares them to become independent, literate critical thinkers and problem-solvers. This education will also equip them with cultural and global competency, enabling them to achieve their fullest potential. The system is committed to fostering partnerships with parents and the community, ensuring the presence of qualified teachers in all schools, maintaining safe and conducive learning environments, and providing essential learning resources for students.