Kampot Provincial Health Department (PHD) was established in 1979 immediately after the Khmer Rouge Era. Since then the PHD has administered the Provincial Hospital, the District Hospitals, and the Commune Clinics, following the provincial administrative structure.

Each health facility employs a mixture of technical and non-technical (non-health) personnel, some of whom served under the former (KR) regime.

In 1995, the Ministry of Health together with the other international support organizations developed a New Coverage Plan which aimed to improve coverage of health services throughout the country. Based on the NCP, the PHD is in charge of four operational districts each with a referral hospital and health centres. Each operational District covers at least 2 - 3 communes.

The MoH Guideline on Establishing an Operational District issued in 1999 spells out the new structure to achieve this goal. The PHD organisational structure now conforms to these MoH Guidelines.