In addition to developing technology in the private sector for dramatic and thorough energy management, Japan’s introduction of the Top Runner Program, based on the Energy Conservation Law concerning the rationalizing of energy usage, has accelerated the development and introduction of energy conservation technology. Other initiatives such as “smart community” demostration projects are helping to realize energy conservation at the city level. Furthermore, in developing countries, particularly within Asia, Japan has played an active role in integrating the public and private sectors in developing human resources focused on energy conservation and institution-building based on its experience in these areas.