The Western Cape Provincial Treasury plays a major role in achieving the desired socio-economic and governance outcomes of the Western Cape by providing strategic financial leadership to the Western Cape Government provincial department, its public entities and municipalities.

The Provincial Treasury is mandated to prepare the provincial budget and to exercise control over the implementation of the provincial budget within the context of co-planning and co-implementation and the joint district approach. It therefore has a critical role to play in the realisation of all of the political priorities. The Strategic Plan and Annual Performance Plan documents also rightly identify the Innovation and Culture Change priority as a key focus of the Department because of the role it has as a Centre of Government department. 

Like the Department of the Premier, the Provincial Treasury also emphases the importance of good governance.