Sam Downes is a junior fellow at Artha Global, a policy research and consulting organization based in Mumbai and London. Downes spent most of his career in the British government in roles spanning long-term planning, implementation, and government reform in a variety of policy areas, including in infrastructure and urban policy. At present, he works on urbanization, cities, and climate change at Artha’s Centre for Emerging Cities. He has a master’s in Public Policy from Lee Kuan School of Public Policy in Singapore.