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    • Devex @ World Bank-IMF 2025

    ‘Billions to trillions’ fatigue sets in among top finance leaders

    Leaders from Citi, the World Bank, and the Gates Foundation admitted that mobilizing private finance for development has stalled — and say only regulatory and structural reforms can get the money moving.

    By Jesse Chase-Lubitz // 16 October 2025

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    At a recent high-level discussion on development finance, panelists from Citi, the Gates Foundation, and the World Bank acknowledged what many in the field have quietly admitted for years: The long-heralded “billions to trillions” ambition to mobilize private capital for development hasn’t delivered.

    “I walked away from [last month’s United Nations General Assembly] thinking there’s so much fatigue around private capital mobilization,” said Stephanie von Friedeburg, managing director and global head of public sector at Citi, during a Devex Impact House event on the sidelines of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund annual meetings. “I think we have to go back to the basics. We have to crawl, we have to walk, and then we have to run.”

    Panelists, which also included Guangzhe Chen, the vice president for infrastructure at the World Bank, and Kalpana Kochhar, the director of development policy and finance at the Gates Foundation, agreed that while private capital is indispensable to meet global development and climate goals, mobilizing it requires confronting the structural and regulatory constraints.

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    About the author

    • Jesse Chase-Lubitz

      Jesse Chase-Lubitz

      Jesse Chase-Lubitz covers climate change and multilateral development banks for Devex. She previously worked at Nature Magazine, where she received a Pulitzer grant for an investigation into land reclamation. She has written for outlets such as Al Jazeera, Bloomberg, the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project, and The Japan Times, among others. Jesse holds a master’s degree in Environmental Policy and Regulation from the London School of Economics.

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